Hazards are potential sources of harm or danger in a workplace. They are generally classified into six main types
1. Physical Hazards:
These involve environmental factors that can cause harm without direct contact.
- Examples
- Noise (e.g. machinery, engines)
- Vibration (e.g. heavy equipment)
- Temperature extremes (heat stress, cold stress)
- Radiation (e.g. UV rays, X-rays)
- Poor lighting
- Slips, trips, and falls
Control Measures:
- PPE (ear protection, gloves, boots)
- Proper ventilation and insulation
- Machine guarding and ergonomic design
2. Chemical Hazards:
These involve exposure to hazardous substances that can cause poisoning, burns, or respiratory issues.
- Examples
- Toxic gases (e.g. carbon monoxide, ammonia)
- Flammable liquids (e.g. gasoline, solvents)
- Corrosives (e.g. acids, alkalis)
- Pesticides and agrochemicals
- Dust and fumes (e.g. silica, welding fumes)
Control Measures:
- Proper labeling (Hazard Communication GHS system)
- Ventilation and exhaust systems
- PPE (gloves, masks, respirators)
- Safe storage and handling procedures
3. Biological Hazards:
These are hazards caused by living organisms that can lead to infections or diseases.
- Examples
- Bacteria and viruses (e.g. COVID-19, tuberculosis)
- Fungi and mold (e.g. in damp environments)
- Insects and pests (e.g. malaria, dengue)
- Animal bites (e.g. rabies)
Control Measures:
- Hygiene and sanitation protocols
- Vaccination programs
- Pest control and waste management
- PPE (gloves, masks, biosafety suits
4. Ergonomic Hazards:
These arise from improper workplace design, leading to strain, injuries, or musculoskeletal disorders.
- Examples
- Poor posture (e.g. bad workstation setup)
- Repetitive motion (e.g. assembly line work)
- Manual handling (e.g. heavy lifting, bending)
- Vibrations (e.g. using power tools for long periods)
Control Measures:
- Adjustable workstations and proper seating
- Safe lifting techniques and training
- Regular breaks and rotation of tasks
- Use of ergonomic tools and equipment
5. Electrical Hazards:
These involve risks related to the use of electrical energy.
- Examples
- Electric shock (e.g. exposed wires)
- Short circuits and fires
- Overloaded circuits
- Static electricity hazards
Control Measures:
- Regular electrical inspections
- Grounding and circuit protection
- Use of insulated tools and PPE
- Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) procedures
6. Psychological (Psychosocial) Hazards:
These are workplace conditions that affect mental health and well-being.
- Examples
- Workplace stress (e.g. high workload, deadlines)
- Bullying and harassment
- Fatigue and burnout
- Violence and workplace conflicts
Control Measures:
- Employee support programs
- Work-life balance policies
- Training on conflict resolution
- Mental health awareness initiatives
Hazards in the Sugarcane Industry:
The sugarcane industry has unique hazards, including:
- Machinery Hazards Moving parts, conveyor belts, crushers
- Heat Stress High temperatures in mills and fields
- Chemical Exposure Fertilizers, pesticides, and fuel storage risks
- Dust & Airborne Particles Respiratory risks from sugar dust
- Fire & Explosion Risks Bagasse storage, combustible dust
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