Chemical reactivity hazard refers to the potential of a substance to undergo a dangerous chemical reaction when exposed to certain conditions or other chemicals. These reactions can lead to:
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Fires
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Explosions
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Toxic gas releases
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Corrosive effects
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Violent pressure buildup
🔥 Common Causes of Reactivity Hazards:
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Mixing Incompatible Chemicals
e.g. bleach + ammonia → releases toxic chloramine gas. -
Exposure to Air or Water
e.g. sodium reacts violently with water. -
Temperature or Pressure Changes
Some chemicals become unstable when overheated or under pressure. -
Contact with Contaminants or Catalysts
Accidental contamination can trigger unwanted reactions. -
Polymerization Reactions
Some monomers can self-react rapidly if not properly stabilized.
⚠️ Examples of Reactive Chemicals:
| Chemical | Reactivity Hazard |
|---|---|
| Sodium or Potassium | Violent reaction with water |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | Can decompose explosively under heat |
| Acids + Cyanides | Releases toxic hydrogen cyanide gas |
| Acetylene | Explosive if stored improperly |
| Organic peroxides | Highly unstable; sensitive to heat/shock |
🛡️ Safety Measures:
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Store chemicals properly (as per SDS guidelines)
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Use proper labeling and signage
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Keep incompatible chemicals separated
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Train staff in chemical handling and emergency response
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Monitor temperature, pressure, and environmental exposure
Types of Chemical Reactivity Hazards
| Type | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Self-Reactive | A single compound decomposes violently due to heat, shock, or contamination. | Organic peroxides, ammonium nitrate. |
| Incompatible Mixing | Two or more chemicals react dangerously when combined. | Bleach + acid → Toxic chlorine gas. |
| Polymerization | Uncontrolled chain reaction releases heat/pressure. | Styrene, ethylene oxide. |
| Oxidation-Reduction | Rapid oxygen transfer causes fires/explosions. | Potassium permanganate + glycerol → Fire. |
| Water-Reactive | Substances react violently with water. | Sodium metal, aluminum alkyls. |
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