what is panic and push bar in emergency doors?

 

In the context of emergency doors, Panic Bar and Push Bar refer to the same mechanical device, though the terminology often depends on the specific building code or regional preference.

Here is a detailed explanation of what it is and why it is used:

What is it?

A panic bar (also known as a crash bar, push bar, or exit device) is a type of door-opening mechanism that allows a door to be opened by simply pushing against a horizontal bar mounted horizontally across the inside of the door.

How it works

• Mechanism: When a person presses against the bar (usually with their body weight or hands), it retracts the door latch(es), allowing the door to swing open instantly.

• Operation: It is designed to be operated with a simple pushing motion, requiring no grasping, twisting, or turning of a handle.

Why is it required? (The Purpose)

The primary purpose of a panic bar is life safety. Building codes (such as the International Building Code (IBC) and NFPA 101 Life Safety Code) require them on certain doors for two main reasons:

1. Panic Escape: In an emergency like a fire or an active shooter situation, a crowd of people may be pushing to get out. If the door required a knob to be turned, people at the front would be crushed against the door and unable to manipulate the hardware. A panic bar allows the door to open even if people are pressing against it.

2. Ease of Egress: It requires no fine motor skills or strength. It is accessible to children, the elderly, and people with disabilities, ensuring everyone can exit quickly.

The "Anti-Lock" Feature (Crucial Safety Rule)

A key feature of a legal panic bar is that it must never be able to be locked from the inside in a way that requires a key, tool, or special knowledge to open.

• Permitted: Magnetic locks that release upon fire alarm or power failure, or latches that open when the bar is pushed.

• Forbidden: Padlocks, chains, deadbolts, or sliding bolts on the inside of an emergency exit door.

Common Names

• Panic Bar: The most common term, derived from the idea of escaping a panic situation.

• Push Bar: A more technical description of the hardware.

• Crash Bar: Slang, referring to people crashing into it to open it.

• Exit Device: The official industry term for the hardware.

Where are they found?

You will find them on:

• Schools and universities.

• Process industries.

• Hospitals and nursing homes.

• Theaters and concert halls.

• Stadiums.

• Large retail stores.

• Any building that holds a large number of occupants.